A Seven-Prong Systematic Approach to Evidence
To develop automatic trial reflexes.
Founding partner Robert S. Arns is the author of The Trial Wheel and The Evidence Wheel — quick-reference guides that address virtually every evidentiary issue that may arise at trial, and break down each stage of a civil trial from pre-trial motions to closing argument. Whether you are a seasoned trial lawyer, a judge, or just beginning, the Wheels offer swift access to the tools you need to develop automatic trial reflexes and a systematic approach to evidence.
Available in California and Federal editions and keyed to The Rutter Group Practice Guide: Civil Trials and Evidence, the Wheels are built to sit at counsel table through every phase of trial. They provide:
California Digital Evidence Flashcards
The fundamentals of California evidence as a self-study deck, keyed to the seven prongs.
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Federal Digital Evidence Flashcards
The same self-study deck for the Federal Rules of Evidence.
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Trial Binder Covers & Spines
Cover and spine templates for The Trial Binder System®, for use in trial preparation.
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No updates have been issued for the 2026 (17th) edition. Corrections and post-publication notes will be posted here as they are released.
Physical copies are published by The Rutter Group and sold through Thomson Reuters West.
About the wheels
The Evidence Wheel and The Trial Wheel were created by Robert S. Arns, founding partner of Arns Davis Law, and have been refined across seventeen editions, in California and federal editions. They are taught at the University of San Francisco School of Law and used by trial lawyers across the country. The full editions go well beyond these wheel faces — the seven-prong analysis in depth, the canons of direct, cross and expert examination, deposition objection rules, and self-study tests.
© Robert S. Arns · Arns Davis Law · rsa@arnslaw.com
Not legal advice
These pages are a study aid. They summarise the structure of evidence law and trial procedure and are not a substitute for the Evidence Code, the Federal Rules, the case law, or independent research. Nothing here creates an attorney–client relationship.